With Night Sight and Astrophotography Mode on the Google Pixel devices, the camera takes multiple pictures at different short exposures managing to maintain the highlights and then it stacks all of those exposures on top of each other, takes the average pixel color for every single pixel bumps the shadows up, allowing a lot of dynamic range. With Astrophotography the shutter stays open for 15 seconds, taking 16 different exposures, staking them on top of each other and doing semantic segmentation, recognizing the sky, processing it slightly different, pulling the details from the starts.